Introduction to Information Technology · Unit 3
Computer Organization and Architecture
Exam-focused notes for Computer Organization and Architecture (Introduction to Information Technology, BIT101): what the TU syllabus asks and how it has actually been tested, with 12 solved past questions from this unit.
What this unit covers
- Central Processing Unit components and functions
- Instruction cycle and steps
- Computer bus types and functions
- Data bus, address bus, and control bus
- Memory hierarchy and access time
- Primary memory types
- Secondary storage and I/O devices
- Sequential and direct access devices
Memory hierarchy and access time
Explain different memories available in the computer in order of their hierarchy based on access time and capacity. [5]
Computer systems use multiple types of memory organized in a hierarchy based on two key parameters: - Access Time (speed): How fast the CPU can read/write data - Capacity (size): How much data can be stored The general principle is: faster memory = smaller ...
Full solved answer →Central Processing Unit components and functions
What are three parts of Central Processing Unit (CPU)? Explain. [5]
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It processes all instructions and controls the operation of the entire computer system. The CPU consists of three main parts: --- The ALU is the part of the CPU that performs all arithmetic and...
Full solved answer →What are the parts of CPU? Explain each. [5]
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It is responsible for executing instructions and processing data. The CPU consists of the following main parts: --- The ALU is the functional core of the CPU that performs all arithmetic and lo...
Full solved answer →Data bus, address bus, and control bus
What is Computer Bus? Explain the functions of data bus, address bus and control bus. [5]
A computer bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. It consists of a set of physical wires (lines) along which electrical signals are transmitted. A bus connects the CPU, memory, and input/...
Full solved answer →Computer bus types and functions
Define Bus with its types. Why do we need memory hierarchy? [5]
--- A bus is a shared communication pathway (set of parallel wires/lines) that connects multiple components of a computer system (CPU, memory, I/O devices) and allows transfer of data, addresses, and control signals between them. --- A system bus is typical...
Full solved answer →What is Computer Bus? Explain the functions of data bus, address bus and control bus. [5]
A computer bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers. It consists of a set of parallel wires (or signal lines) that connect the CPU, memory, and input/output devices, allowing them to share ...
Full solved answer →What is computer bus? Explain the working of laser printer. [1+4]
--- A computer bus is a communication system (set of physical wires/lines) that transfers data, addresses, and control signals between the components of a computer system (such as CPU, memory, and I/O devices). Note: Reference notes were not available for t...
Full solved answer →Explain the computer bus. What are types of computer bus? [5]
A computer bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. It consists of a set of physical wires (conductors) along which electrical signals are transmitted. A bus allows multiple devices to comm...
Full solved answer →Instruction cycle and steps
What is instruction cycle? Explain the steps of instruction cycle. [1+4]
An instruction cycle (also called a fetch-execute cycle or fetch-decode-execute cycle) is the complete process that a CPU performs for each machine language instruction: fetching the instruction from memory, decoding it, and executing it. It is the basic op...
Full solved answer →What is instruction cycle? Explain the steps of instruction cycle. [5]
The instruction cycle (also called the fetch-execute cycle) is the complete process by which a CPU retrieves an instruction from memory, decodes it, and executes it. This cycle repeats continuously as long as the computer is running. --- The instruction cyc...
Full solved answer →Sequential and direct access devices
What do you mean by sequential access and direct access of the I/O devices? Give an example of sequential access device and direct access device. [5]
Sequential access is a method of accessing data stored on a device where data must be read or written in a specific, linear order from the beginning to the desired location. To reach a particular piece of data, all preceding data must be passed through firs...
Full solved answer →Primary memory types
What is primary memory? Discuss different types of primary memory. [1+4]
Primary memory (also called main memory or internal memory) is the memory that is directly accessible by the CPU. It holds the data and instructions that are currently being processed by the computer. It is volatile in nature (except ROM) and has faster acc...
Full solved answer →Make Unit 3 stick
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