Computer Architecture · Unit 8 · 4 hrs
Input Output Organization
Exam-focused notes for Input Output Organization (Computer Architecture, CSC213): what the TU syllabus asks and how it has actually been tested, with 11 solved past questions from this unit.
What this unit covers
- Input-Output Interface: I/O Bus and Interface Modules, I/O vs. Memory Bus, Isolated vs. Memory-Mapped I/O
- Asynchronous Data Transfer: Strobe, Handshaking
- Modes of Transfer: Programmed I/O, Interrupt-Initiated I/O, Direct memory Access
- Priority Interrupt: Polling, Daisy-Chaining, Parallel Priority Interrupt
- Direct Memory Access, Input-Output Processor, DMA vs. IOP
Priority Interrupt
What do you understand by priority interrupt? Explain polling, daisy-chaining and parallel priority interrupt.[10]
A priority interrupt is a system that establishes a priority among various interrupt sources so that when two or more devices request an interrupt simultaneously, the CPU can identify and service the highest-priority device first, and then handle lower-prio...
Full solved answer →Modes of Transfer
Why I/O interface is important? Discuss the concept of programmed I/O with suitable flowchart. [5]
--- Peripherals connected to a computer need a special communication link to interface with the CPU. This special link is called the I/O bus. The I/O interface is important for the following reasons: 1. Speed Mismatch: Peripheral devices (keyboard, printer,...
Full solved answer →Define I/O interface. Comparison between programmed I/O, Interrupt driven I/O and direct memory access (DMA).[10]
--- An Input/Output (I/O) Interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage (CPU/Memory) and external I/O devices (peripherals). It is needed because several differences exist between the computer and peripheral devices: Diff...
Full solved answer →Direct Memory Access, Input-Output Processor, DMA vs. IOP
What is DMA? Explain the DMA controller with block diagram. How the DMA interact with I/O device.[10]
Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a process for data transfer between memory and I/O devices, controlled by an external circuit called the DMA controller, without the involvement of the CPU. Most data that is input or output from a computer is processed by the ...
Full solved answer →Explain Direct Memory Access with suitable diagram. [5]
Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a process for data transfer between memory and I/O devices, controlled by an external circuit called the DMA controller, without the involvement of the CPU. It is especially useful for bulk data transfers, such as data transfer...
Full solved answer →What are the major differentiate between Input-output processor (IOP) and direct memory Access (DMA) [5]
DMA (Direct Memory Access) is a data transfer mechanism between memory and I/O devices controlled by an external DMA controller circuit, without CPU involvement during the actual transfer. IOP (Input-Output Processor) is a more advanced processor with direc...
Full solved answer →How does DMA controller work? Give an example of DMA data transfer. [5]
Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a process for data transfer between memory and I/O devices, controlled by an external circuit called the DMA controller, without the direct involvement of the CPU. It saves CPU processing time and provides a more efficient way ...
Full solved answer →What are the major differentiate between Input-output processor (IOP) and direct memory Access (DMA) [6]
DMA (Direct Memory Access): A process for data transfer between memory and I/O devices, controlled by an external circuit called the DMA controller, without the involvement of the CPU. IOP (Input-Output Processor): A processor with direct memory access capa...
Full solved answer →Input-Output Interface
Differentiate between isolated versus memory mapped I/O. [5]
Isolated I/O and Memory-Mapped I/O are two different techniques used by a CPU to communicate with I/O devices. They differ primarily in how address spaces and instructions are organized. --- Feature Isolated I/O Memory-Mapped I/O --------- Instructions CPU ...
Full solved answer →What is input output interface? Differentiate between Input-output bus and memory bus?[10]
An Input-Output (I/O) Interface is a hardware component that provides a method for transferring information between the internal storage (CPU and memory) of a computer and external peripheral (I/O) devices. It acts as a bridge that resolves the differences ...
Full solved answer →Differentiate between I/O bus and interface modules. [6]
An I/O bus is a shared communication pathway (set of wires/lines) that connects the CPU, memory, and multiple peripheral devices together. It carries data, address, and control signals between these components. Key characteristics of I/O Bus: Feature Descri...
Full solved answer →Make Unit 8 stick
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