Computer Networks · Unit 5 · 6 hrs
Transport Layer
Exam-focused notes for Transport Layer (Computer Networks, CSC263): what the TU syllabus asks and how it has actually been tested, with 7 solved past questions from this unit.
What this unit covers
- Introduction, Functions and Services
- Transport Protocols: TCP, UDP and Their Comparisons
- Connection Oriented and Connectionless Services
- Congestion Control: Open Loop & Closed Loop, TCP Congestion Control
- Traffic Shaping Algorithms: Leaky Bucket & Token Bucket
- Queuing Techniques for Scheduling
- Introduction to Ports and Sockets, Socket Programming
Traffic Shaping Algorithms
Explain the working mechanism of token bucket. [5]
The Token Bucket algorithm is a traffic shaping mechanism that controls the amount and rate of traffic sent to the network. Unlike the leaky bucket, it allows variable output rate depending on the size of the burst, making it more flexible. --- - A bucket h...
Full solved answer →What is socket programming? Explain token bucket algorithm with an example. [5]
--- Socket programming is a way of connecting two nodes on a network to communicate with each other. One socket (node) listens on a particular port at an IP address, while the other socket reaches out to form a connection. - The server creates a listener so...
Full solved answer →What is the difference between port and socket? Explain leaky bucket algorithm with example. [5]
--- Feature Port Socket --------- Definition A port is a logical number assigned to identify a specific process or service on a host A socket is a combination of an IP address and a port number Purpose Identifies a specific application/service on a machine ...
Full solved answer →Transport Protocols
Explain TCP header with a neat diagram. Highlight on its uses.[10]
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented, reliable transport layer protocol defined in RFC 793. It provides end-to-end reliable data delivery, flow control, error control, and congestion control between two communicating hosts. The TCP h...
Full solved answer →Why TCP is called a connection-oriented and reliable protocol? Differentiate TCP with UDP. [5]
TCP is called a connection-oriented protocol because before any data is transmitted between two devices, a connection must be established between the sender and the receiver. This is done through a process known as the three-way handshake: 1. SYN - The clie...
Full solved answer →Explain TCP header with a neat diagram. Highlight on its uses.[10]
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented, reliable transport layer protocol. It ensures that data is delivered accurately and in order between two communicating hosts. The TCP header contains all the control information necessary to mana...
Full solved answer →Congestion Control
What is open-loop congestion control? Compare it with closed-loop congestion control. [5]
Congestion is a situation in which too many sources over a network attempt to send data and the router buffers start overflowing, causing packet loss and degraded performance. Congestion control refers to the mechanisms and techniques used to keep the netwo...
Full solved answer →Make Unit 5 stick
Practice CSC263 with flashcards & quizzes