Systems Analysis and Design · Unit 5
Requirements Determination and Modeling
Exam-focused notes for Requirements Determination and Modeling (Systems Analysis and Design, BIT253): what the TU syllabus asks and how it has actually been tested, with 12 solved past questions from this unit.
What this unit covers
- Interviewing and listening techniques
- Joint application design approach
- Prototyping approach to requirements
- Evolutionary prototype versus throwaway prototype
- Information gathering techniques
- Requirements collection methods
- Data flow diagram components and benefits
- Context diagram and DFD levels
- Rules for drawing good DFDs
- DFD as process modeling
Data flow diagram components and benefits
Draw DFD up to level 1 for the following scenario: An online college recommendation system provides recommendation based on the student’s requirements. It takes input such as faculty name, standard, and location. It also tracks the intake of each college. The system also provides notification to students regarding the remaining available seats and fee structures. The admin of the system is able to add, delete, and update the list of colleges based on the ratings of the existing students.[10]
The Level 0 DFD (Context Diagram) shows the entire system as a single process with all external entities. External Entities: - Student: Provides search criteria and receives recommendations/notifications - Admin: Manages college data (add, delete, update) -...
Full solved answer →Why do systems analysts use DFDs? Draw context diagram and data flow diagram up to level 1 for a retail clothing store in a mall that sells different clothes to its customers. Make necessary assumptions.[10]
--- A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical tool that depicts the flow of data through a system, showing how data is input, processed, stored, and output. Systems analysts use DFDs for the following reasons: DFDs provide a clear, graphical representation o...
Full solved answer →Explain different components of data flow diagram (DFD) with example. Draw context diagram and data flow diagram for a retail store in a mall which sells different items to its customers.[10]
--- A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data through an information system. It shows how data is input, processed, stored, and output within a system. DFDs are used in structured system analysis and design to model the fun...
Full solved answer →Information gathering techniques
Explain any three types of information gathering techniques. [5]
Information gathering (also called requirements elicitation) is the process of collecting information about the existing system and user needs during system analysis. Below are three important techniques: --- An interview is a direct, face-to-face conversat...
Full solved answer →DFD as process modeling
Why DFD is known as process modeling? Explain. [5]
A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation that shows how data moves through an information system. It illustrates the flow of data from external entities into the system, through various processes, and into data stores. --- DFD is known as pro...
Full solved answer →Requirements collection methods
Which method for requirements collection do you suggest, and why? [5]
Among the various requirements collection (elicitation) methods available, I suggest Interviews as the most effective and widely used technique for gathering software requirements. Below is a justification supported by a comparison with other methods. --- A...
Full solved answer →Interviewing and listening techniques
Explain interviewing and listening technique for determining requirements. [5]
Note: The reference notes did not contain specific content on this topic. The following answer is based on standard Software Engineering curriculum as taught in BSc CSIT programs. --- Interviewing is one of the most widely used techniques for requirements e...
Full solved answer →How can you use interviewing technique to determine system requirements? Explain. [5]
Interviewing is one of the most widely used and effective fact-finding techniques in system analysis. It involves direct, face-to-face interaction between the system analyst and the stakeholders (users, managers, clients) to gather information about the exi...
Full solved answer →Context diagram and DFD levels
Draw context diagram and data flow diagram for online food ordering system up to level 2 which is used to sell different food items to its customers online.[10]
--- The context diagram shows the entire system as a single process and identifies all external entities interacting with it. Entity Role ------ Customer Places orders, makes payments, receives food Restaurant/Admin Manages menu, receives orders, updates st...
Full solved answer →Rules for drawing good DFDs
Explain the rules for drawing good DFDs. Draw context diagram and data flow diagram up to level 1 for managing internal examinations at your college. Make necessary assumptions.[10]
Good Data Flow Diagrams follow a set of guidelines to ensure clarity, correctness, and consistency: - Every data flow must be connected at both ends (source and destination). - All inputs and outputs of a process must be shown. - No dangling arrows or uncon...
Full solved answer →Prototyping approach to requirements
How can we use prototyping approach to determine requirements? Compare evolutionary prototype with throwaway prototype. [3+2]
Prototyping is a requirements elicitation technique where a working model (prototype) of the proposed system is built quickly to help users and developers understand, clarify, and validate requirements. 1. Identify Initial Requirements - Gather basic, high-...
Full solved answer →Joint application design approach
Explain joint application design (JAD) approach to collect information requirements for developing information system. [5]
Joint Application Design (JAD) is a structured group-based approach to collecting information requirements for developing an information system. It brings together end users, managers, and IT professionals (systems analysts, developers) in a series of inten...
Full solved answer →Make Unit 5 stick
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