BIT402 · TU past paper
Software Project Management 2081 question paper
The complete TU 2081 exam paper for Software Project Management (BIT402), all 12 questions with solved model answers written to the mark scheme.
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- 110 marksNumericalNet Present Value calculation and applicatHideAnswer
How Net Present Value can be utilized in choosing an appropriate project to invest on? Explain with an example. Calculate ROI if an initial investment is Rs. 5 lakh and projected benefit is Rs. 10 lakhs for 5 years (2 lakhs per year).[10]
ROI calculation: - Initial Investment = Rs. 5,00,000 (5 lakh) - Total Projected Benefit = Rs. 10,00,000 (10 lakh) over 5 years - Annual Benefit = Rs. 2,00,000 per year NPV example: No specific project cash flows, discount rate, or invest...
- 210 marksCost estimation definition and necessityHideAnswer
Why do you think effort estimation is required? Explain any one cost estimation model.[10]
Effort estimation is a critical activity in software project management for the following reasons: 1. Project Planning and Scheduling - Determines how much work (in person-hours or person-months) is needed to complete the project - Helps...
- 310 marksRapid application developmentHideAnswer
Explain rapid application development. What are its advantages and disadvantages?[10]
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a software development methodology that emphasizes quick prototyping and iterative delivery of functional software components over lengthy planning and development cycles. It prioritizes speed of de...
- 45 marksDefinition and importance of software projHideAnswer
Why do you think software project management is important? Explain. [5]
Software project management is crucial for the successful delivery of software systems. Here are the key reasons: - Project management establishes schedules, milestones, and deadlines - Helps track progress and identify delays early - Pr...
- 55 marksCash flow forecastingHideAnswer
How cash flow forecasting is carried out? Explain. [5]
Cash flow forecasting is the process of estimating the future inflows and outflows of cash in a business over a specific period. It helps organizations predict their liquidity position and plan financial operations accordingly. - Collect...
- 65 marksResource histograms and equalizationHideAnswer
What is resource histogram equalization? Why is it carried out? [5]
Resource Histogram Equalization
Definition
Resource histogram equalization is a technique used in project scheduling and resource management to level or balance the allocation of resources (labour, equipment, materials) across the project timeline. It involves adjusting the project schedule to reduce resource peaks and valleys, creating a more uniform distribution of resource usage over time.
Why It Is Carried Out
Resource histogram equalization is performed for the following reasons:
1. Minimize Resource Conflicts
- Prevents excessive demand for the same resource at the same time
- Reduces competition for limited resources among different project activities
2. Optimize Resource Utilization
- Ensures efficient and consistent use of available resources
- Reduces idle time and underutilization of resources
- Improves overall productivity
3. Cost Reduction
- Avoids the need to hire temporary or contract resources during peak periods
- Reduces overtime costs and premium payments
- Lowers resource procurement and management costs
4. Improve Project Feasibility
- Makes the project schedule realistic given actual resource constraints
- Prevents resource overallocation that could cause project delays
- Ensures resource availability matches project demands
5. Better Resource Planning
- Provides a smoother, more predictable resource demand pattern
- Facilitates better workforce planning and scheduling
- Enables more accurate budgeting and resource forecasting
6. Reduce Project Duration Risk
- Prevents bottlenecks caused by resource unavailability
- Maintains consistent progress throughout the project
In essence, resource histogram equalization transforms an uneven resource demand pattern into a balanced one, making projects more manageable, cost-effective, and achievable within constraints.
- 75 marksRisk assessment processHideAnswer
How risk assessment is carried out? Explain with an example. [5]
Risk assessment is a systematic process to identify, analyze, and evaluate potential risks that could affect a project or system. The process typically follows these steps: - Identify all potential risks that could occur during the proje...
- 85 marksTime and material contractsHideAnswer
Explain with an example when time and material contract will be beneficial. [5]
A Time and Material (T&M) contract is a type of contract where the client pays for: - The actual time spent by workers/resources (labour hours) - The actual cost of materials used - Plus an agreed markup or fee for overhead and profit Wh...
- 95 marksTimeline charts for monitoringHideAnswer
How do you think timeline chart play a significant role in monitoring and controlling the project? [5]
A timeline chart (also called a Gantt chart) is a horizontal bar chart that displays project activities, their durations, and scheduling relationships over time. It plays a crucial role in project monitoring and controlling. - Timeline c...
- 105 marksSoftware quality enhancement techniquesHideAnswer
How software quality can be enhanced? Explain. [5]
Model Answer: How Software Quality Can Be Enhanced
Software quality can be enhanced through systematic approaches and practices applied throughout the software development lifecycle. Here are the key methods:
1. Requirements Analysis and Specification
- Clearly define and document all functional and non-functional requirements
- Ensure requirements are complete, unambiguous, and testable
- Validate requirements with stakeholders to prevent misunderstandings that lead to defects
2. Design Quality
- Follow established design principles and patterns
- Create modular, maintainable architecture
- Conduct design reviews before implementation begins
- Ensure proper separation of concerns and low coupling
3. Code Quality Practices
- Follow coding standards and conventions
- Write clean, readable, and well-documented code
- Conduct code reviews by peers
- Use static analysis tools to detect potential issues early
4. Testing and Verification
- Implement comprehensive testing at multiple levels:
- Unit testing (individual components)
- Integration testing (component interactions)
- System testing (complete system)
- User acceptance testing (UAT)
- Automate test cases for regression testing
- Achieve adequate code coverage
5. Quality Assurance (QA) Activities
- Establish QA processes and standards
- Perform inspections and walkthroughs
- Use metrics to measure quality attributes
- Monitor defect rates and trends
6. Configuration Management
- Maintain version control of all artifacts
- Track changes systematically
- Manage releases properly
7. Continuous Improvement
- Collect and analyze defect data
- Implement lessons learned
- Refine processes based on feedback
These combined approaches ensure software meets user expectations, performs reliably, and is maintainable throughout its lifecycle.
- 115 marksLeadership importance and stylesHideAnswer
Explain different leadership styles. [5]
- Leader makes decisions unilaterally without consulting team members - Strict control over work processes and outcomes - Clear rules and procedures are established - Suitable for: Urgent situations, routine tasks, inexperienced teams - ...
- 125 marksProject planning processHideAnswer
Write short notes on a. Product based approach b. Project planning [5]
Definition: The product-based approach is a software development methodology that focuses on creating reusable software products or components that can be applied across multiple projects and domains. Key Characteristics: - Reusability: ...