SCO105 · TU past paper
Sociology 2079 question paper
The complete TU 2079 exam paper for Sociology (SCO105), all 12 questions with solved model answers written to the mark scheme.
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- 110 marksInteraction between social processes and iHideAnswer
What do you mean by social processes? How the social processes interact with information technology?[10]
Social processes are the repetitive and patterned forms of social interaction through which individuals and groups relate to each other, forming relationships and influencing society over time. They represent the fundamental mechanisms t...
- 210 marksSocial differentiation and its processesHideAnswer
Describe the concept of differentiation and stratification. How do you think Nepalese society is differentiated and stratified? Explain with examples.[10]
Differentiation refers to the process by which society becomes increasingly complex through the development of specialized roles, institutions, and social groups. It involves the division of labor and the emergence of distinct social pos...
- 310 marksRelationship between sociology and informaHideAnswer
Define socology. Discuss its relation with information technology.[10]
Sociology is the scientific study of human society, social relationships, social institutions, and social behavior. It examines how individuals interact within groups, how societies are organized, and how social structures and cultures s...
- 45 marksDifferences between traditional and technoHideAnswer
How do you differentiate between traditional and technological society? Illustrate. [5]
Aspect Traditional Society Technological Society ------------------------------------------------- Primary Focus Agriculture, manual labor, subsistence Industry, automation, innovation Knowledge Base Oral traditions, experiential learnin...
- 55 marksSocial problems in Nepali societyHideAnswer
List out the major problems of Nepali society. As a student of sociology what is your view point of solution of problem. [5]
- Poverty and Economic Inequality - Large sections of the population live below the poverty line - Unequal distribution of resources and wealth - Limited access to income-generating opportunities 2. Illiteracy and Educational Backwardne...
- 65 marksModernity and post-modernity conceptsHideAnswer
How do you define modernity and post-modernity? Give suitable examples. [5]
Definition: Modernity refers to the period and set of cultural, philosophical, and social characteristics that emerged following the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution (roughly 17th-20th centuries). It is characterized by: - Belief in...
- 75 marksIT expert's contribution with sociologicalHideAnswer
Do you think Information Technology Expert need sociological knowledge? How the 'IT expert' can contribute with sociological knowledge? Discuss. [5]
Justification: IT experts must understand how people interact with technology within social contexts. Sociological knowledge helps them: - Recognize that technology adoption depends on social structures, cultural values, and group dynami...
- 85 marksDefinition and features of globalizationHideAnswer
What is globalization? Discuss its features with relevent examples of Nepali society. [5]
Globalization: Definition, Features, and Nepali Context
Definition
Globalization refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, societies, and economies through the exchange of goods, services, information, technology, and culture across national borders. It represents the integration of the world's economies, cultures, and societies into a unified system.
Key Features of Globalization
1. Economic Integration
- Free flow of capital, goods, and services across borders
- Multinational corporations operating in multiple countries
- Nepali Example: Foreign companies like Coca-Cola, Unilever, and various Indian firms operating in Nepal; Nepali workers remitting money from abroad
2. Technological Advancement
- Rapid spread of information and communication technologies
- Internet connectivity enabling instant global communication
- Nepali Example: Mobile phone penetration in rural Nepal; online banking and digital payment systems (e-Sewa, Khalti) becoming common
3. Cultural Exchange
- Spread of ideas, values, and cultural practices across societies
- Influence of Western media and entertainment
- Nepali Example: Adoption of Western fashion among youth; English language dominance in education; influence of Bollywood and Hollywood on Nepali cinema
4. Labor Mobility
- Movement of workers across countries for employment
- Nepali Example: Large-scale migration of Nepali workers to Gulf countries, Malaysia, and India; remittance economy becoming crucial to Nepal's GDP
5. Political and Social Interconnectedness
- International organizations and agreements influencing national policies
- Nepali Example: Nepal's membership in WTO, SAARC; adoption of international human rights standards
Conclusion
Globalization has significantly transformed Nepali society through economic opportunities, technological advancement, and cultural change, though it also presents challenges like cultural erosion and economic dependency.
- 95 marksEconomic institutions and key featuresHideAnswer
Discuss the key features of economic, political and social institution. [5]
Key Features: - Resource allocation: Determine how goods and services are produced and distributed - Property rights: Define ownership and control of resources - Market mechanisms: Establish systems for exchange (markets, trade, pricing)...
- 105 marksCaste and class systems with Nepalese contHideAnswer
Differentiate between class and caste system. In your opinion, how it is existing in Nepali society. [5]
Aspect Class System Caste System ----------------------------------- Basis Economic status, wealth, occupation, education Birth, heredity, religious beliefs Mobility Open and flexible; individuals can move between classes Closed and rigi...
- 115 marksFamilyHideAnswer
What is family? Discuss its various types and explain changing formation of family in Nepal. [5]
Model Answer: Family - Types and Changing Formation in Nepal
Definition of Family
A family is a fundamental social unit consisting of individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live together and share economic resources, responsibilities, and emotional bonds. It is the basic institution of society that provides socialization, care, and support to its members.
Types of Family
1. Nuclear Family
- Consists of parents and their unmarried children
- Limited to two generations
- Common in urban and industrialized societies
- Provides focused care and decision-making
2. Extended Family
- Includes nuclear family plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
- Multiple generations living together or in close proximity
- Traditionally prevalent in rural Nepal
- Shares resources and collective decision-making
3. Joint Family
- Multiple married couples with their children under one roof
- Patriarchal structure with eldest male as head
- Common in traditional Nepali society
- Pooled income and shared household management
4. Single-Parent Family
- One parent (mother or father) with dependent children
- Results from divorce, death, or unmarried parenthood
- Increasing in modern Nepal
5. Blended Family
- Formed when divorced/widowed individuals remarry
- Includes step-siblings and step-parents
- Emerging in contemporary Nepali society
Changing Formation of Family in Nepal
Traditional Pattern
- Joint/extended family structure dominated
- Patrilineal and patriarchal organization
- Early marriage and large family size
- Limited female autonomy
Contemporary Changes
Urbanization & Migration:
- Rural-to-urban migration reduces extended family living
- Nuclear families increasingly common in cities
- Remittance-based family structures emerging
Education & Employment:
- Increased female education and workforce participation
- Delayed marriage and smaller family sizes
- More egalitarian decision-making
Legal & Social Reforms:
- Changed marriage laws and property rights
- Increased divorce acceptance
- Single-parent and blended families becoming visible
Economic Factors:
- Rising cost of living favors smaller families
- Dual-income necessity in urban areas
- Reduced agricultural dependence
Modernization Effects:
- Individualism over collectivism
- Reduced parental authority
- Changing gender roles and expectations
Note: This answer is constructed from standard sociological understanding of family structures, as specific reference notes were not provided. The Nepali context reflects documented social trends in the country's demographic and social transition.
- 125 marksMaterial and non-material cultureHideAnswer
Write short note on a.) Material and non-material culture b.) Necessity of information technology in Nepal [5]
Material Culture: Material culture refers to the physical, tangible objects and artifacts created and used by a society. These are concrete items that can be touched, seen, and measured. Examples include: - Tools, machinery, and equipmen...